The way engines start and run has been completely transformed by the current development in vehicle technology known as the electronic ignition system. This electrical marvel, which replaces conventional mechanical ignition systems, uses advanced electronic components to accurately manage the ignition timing and deliver sparks to the spark plugs at the right times. By removing the mechanical contact points present in traditional ignition systems, electronic ignition improves overall reliability, fuel efficiency, and engine performance. The electronic ignition system, a feature that has become standard in contemporary cars due to its adaptability to changing driving conditions, helps engines run more smoothly, emit less emissions, and use fuel more efficiently.
With the vast use of an ignition system in spark-ignition internal combustion engines, electronic types fall to be one. The spark is responsible for producing flame and in automotive the chemical energy (air-fuel mixture) is converted into mechanical energy (crankshaft rotation). The spark is essential for this to be achieved.
Today we’ll be looking at the definition, function, components, diagram, and working principles of the electronic ignition system. we’ll also get to know the advantages and disadvantages of the system.
Contents
Electronic ignition system definition
An electronic ignition system is a type of ignition system that works in electronic circuits, usually by transistors. The transistors are controlled by sensors to generate electric pulses which then generate a high-voltage spark that can burn the lean mixture and provide a better economy and lower emission. The electronic ignition system is fully controlled electronically.
The electronic ignition system is widely used in aircraft engines, bikes, motorcycles, and cars as it performs the same purpose as other types of ignition systems. The function of an electronic ignition system is to remain the same as it produces a high-voltage spark to the spark plug so that the fuel-air mixture can be burned or ignited. Because sensors are used in the system, it improves reliability and mileage and decreases emissions.
Components of an electronic Ignition system
Below are the components of an electronic ignition system and their functions:
Battery:
The battery is the power source of the ignition system as it transfers the required energy to the system as the ignition switch is on. The battery type used is an electrochemical system that stores charges and releases them whenever they’re needed. This battery has two terminals; positive and negative. The positive terminal is connected to the key (ignition switch) while the negative terminal is grounded.
Ignition switch:
The ignition switch is the power button that turns the system ON and OFF. When it’s on, power is supplied from the battery, and when off, the power supply is terminated.
Electronic control module:
This is where electronic work begins in the system as it ON and OFF the primary current. The component is also known as the control unit of an ignition system. it’s what monitors and controls the timing and intensity of the spark automatically. The device receives voltage signals from the armature and sets the primary coil on and off. Electronic control modules are placed separately outside the distributor or placed in the electronic control unit box of the vehicle.
Armature:
The armature is what generates a magnetic field in the system. unlike the battery ignition system that has contact breaker points, it’s being replaced with the armature in the electronic ignition system. this armature consists of a reluctor with teeth that is the moving part, a vacuum advance, and a pickup coil to catch the voltage signals. The electronic module collects the voltage signals from the armature so that the circuit can be made and broken. This sets the timing of the distributor to accurately supply current to the spark plugs.
Ignition coil:
The ignition coil is advantageous as it helps to produce high voltage to the spark plug. The component is a pulse-type transformer and it produces the short fire or spark of high volt for the combustion. The ignition coil is two sets of winding which include primary winding (outer winding) and secondary winding (inner winding).
Distributor:
Current flows from the primary winding, while the distributor controls the on and off of the cycle of the current flow. It’s used to distribute current to each spark plug in multi-cylinder engines. Finally,
Spark plugs:
The spark plug is the component that generates the spark inside the cylinder, using the ignition coil’s high voltages to ignite the fuel-air mixture.
Electronic Ignition System Application
- The electronic ignition system has several uses and is increasingly being used in a wide range of businesses and automobiles.
- It is widely used in contemporary, high-performance automobiles, notably hyper-cars, where accuracy and effectiveness are important.
- The electronic ignition system is used by well-known automakers including Audi, Mahindra, KTM, Ducat, and many more to improve engine performance and maximize fuel economy.
- Beyond the automobile industry, the electronic ignition system is widely used in aircraft engines to provide accurate and dependable ignition control.
- The system is a great option for a variety of applications because of its powerful electronic components and programmable features, which enable modification and adaptation to particular vehicle requirements.
- The electronic ignition system is widely used in high-performance vehicles and passenger cars, and it also improves the performance and efficiency of commercial and industrial engines.
- It is a popular choice in the automobile industry for meeting strict pollution requirements and enhancing overall engine performance because of its capacity to efficiently create high-voltage sparks and precisely manage ignition timing.
Electronic ignition system diagram:
Working principle
Just like other types of ignition systems, the electronic ignition system is less complex and can be easy to understand. Its working begins as the engine starts running which is when the ignition switch is on. The battery supplies power as the negative terminal is grounded and the positive is connected to the ignition switch. The power is sent to the ignition coil which is of two winding if you can recall; primary and secondary winding.
These windings are insulated but the primary is thicker than the secondary winding. There is an iron rod between them that helps to generate a magnetic field. The armature produces power as it rotates, it’s connected to the electronic module, and magnetic pick-up occurs. When the magnetic pick-up and armature touch, the voltage signal is created. It generates further until a strong voltage signal is generated.
The voltage is sent to the distributor that contains a rotor, which rotates and there are distributor points that are set according to the ignition timing. The rotor comes in front of any of the distributor points, causing a jumping of voltage through the air gap from the rotor to the distributor point. It’s then sent to the adjacent spark plug terminal through the high-tension cable. A voltage difference is then generated between the central electrode and ground electrode which is the reason for generating a spark at the tip of the spark plug and the combustion occurs.
Watch the video to understand better:
Advantages and disadvantages of the electronic ignition system
Advantages:
Below are the benefits of an electronic ignition system in their various applications:
- Fewer moving parts increase their working efficiency.
- Low maintenance is required.
- It increases fuel efficiency.
- It generates fewer emissions.
- Good efficiency.
Read more: Understanding Spark Plug
Disadvantages:
Despite the great advantages of the electronic ignition system, a limitation still occurs. The cost of the system is very expensive.
In conclusion, the electronic ignition system is popular on automotive devices that require igniting of fuel-air in the combustion chamber. We’ve exposed you to the definition, functions, applications, and components of the electronic ignition system. we’ve discussed its working as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the system.
Related Article:
- Understanding transistorized ignition system
- Understanding the working of the Battery ignition system
- Understanding the working of the magneto ignition system
- Everything you need to know about ignition system
- Everything to know about ignition relay
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