Because engines produce heat, a cooling system which consists of a radiator is employed to keep their working temperature normal. Radiators are heat exchangers used for cooling internal combustion engines, usually in automobiles. Other engines like piston aircraft engines, railway locomotives, motorcycles, stationary generators as well as some other similar engines.
Radiators are common types of heat exchangers designed to transfer heat from hot coolant to the atmosphere. This is achieved by a coolant fan that sucking the heat the radiator through a blown air to the atmosphere.
Today we’ll be looking at the definition, functions, parts, diagram, types, and working principle of a radiator is used in automotive engines.
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Contents
Radiator Definition
Generally, a radiator is a heat exchanger that is used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the essence of cooling and heating. Radiators are consisting of a large area of the cooling surface and use the stream of air to take away the surrounding heat. with easy access to the coolant heat, efficient cooling is achieved.
Modern cars use aluminium radiators, but they usually made of copper and brass. This is because of their high heat conductivity. their various sections are joined by soldering.
It obvious radiator is important in automobile engines. One of its primary function is to allow heat to be blown away from the coolant. It also functions as a reservoir for coolant before entering the engine. this is why the malfunctioning of the component will cause significant engine damage caused by overheating.
The radiator is also used to cool the engine transmission system coolant.
Another great function of some type of radiator is that hot coolant is separated from the cold ones. Cold coolant stays at the bottom portion of the radiator while the hot ones flow to the top. So, by it moving to the down portion the heat is already absorbed by the cooling fan’s air.
Read more: Understanding Cooling System in Internal Combustion Engines
Parts of Radiators
Below are the major parts of radiators and their functions:
Core:
The core is the major part of a radiator that serve its main purpose. It is a metal block with small metal fins which through it the coolant heat is a vent to the air surrounding the radiator. Cores are used to classified radiators, for instance, one-core, two-core, or even three-core radiators.
Pressure Cap:
As the coolant in the radiator is always under pressure, which helps to keep the coolant much hotter under without boiling. This allows the system to be much more efficient. The function of the pressure cap is to bleed off the hot coolant since it rises at some point. The hot coolant could cause damage to the coolant parts if the pressurize cap not functioning well.
Outlet and Inlet tank:
The outlet and the inlet portion of the radiator are where the flows in and out of the radiator. It’s located in the radiator head which is made of metal or plastic. From the engine, hot coolant flows through the inlet portion to radiator and from the outer portion to the engine. The hose is used to make the connections.
Cooler:
Some cars use the same cooler as the engine transmission cooler. In the transmission system, the fluid passes through a steel pipe to ensure the coolant circulation. This coolant is also cooled within the radiator because heat is also generated through an automatic transmission. Although some engines are designed with separate radiator for the transmission.
Radiator Diagram:
Read more: Components of internal combustion engine
Types of Radiator
The various types of radiators are classified according to their core. Below are the types of radiator used in automotive engines:
Tubular Core Type:
In these types of radiator, the upper and lower tanks are connected by a series of tubes that passes the water within the radiator. There are fins location around the tube for efficient heat transfer. It absorbs the heat from the coolant through the fans to the atmosphere. Due to the fact water passes through all tube in this radiator type, defect on one tube will affect the cooling process.
Cellular Core Type:
In the cellular types of radiator, the coolant flows through the spaces between the tubes. The core is made of a large number of individual air cells surrounded by the coolant. Air passes through the tubes while the coolant flows in the spaces between them. The cellular core radiator is also known as honeycomb radiator because of its appearance. Unlike the tubular type, clogging in the tube affects a small part of the total cooling surface.
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Working Principle
With the above explanation, we’ve come to see the great purpose of a radiator in the automobile engine cooling system. Well, working is less complex and easy to understand. In a radiator, there is a tank on each side, and inside contained a transmission cooler. There are inlet and outlet ports, which from the inlet port coolant flows to the tubes where they are exposed to cooling. The tubes are in a parallel arrangement, where they come in contact with cooling fins to draw away heat from the core.
As the hot water enters through the inlet port to the tubes, the cooling fan behind the radiator cools down the hot water in the tubes. The cool coolant then passes through the outlet port back to the engine to cool the hot part again
Watch the video to learn more about how radiator work:
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In conclusion, we’ve covered the definition, functions, working, parts, and types of radiators.
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