Summary
Wrought iron is one of the most common metal materials used due to the properties it offers. The metal material is tough and malleable, which is why it is suitable for metalworking processes like forging and rolling.
The term wrought means the ability to be hammered, rolled, or otherwise worked while hot enough to expel molten slag. Wrought iron is obtained from puddling pig iron while it is molten. This metal is nearly pure but contains slag in the form of filaments. Learn about Pig Iron here!
Now, let’s go deep to explain what wrought iron is, its applications, properties, how its produce, advantages and disadvantages!
Contents
What is Wrought Iron?
Wrought iron is a ductile, soft, fibrous variety produced from a semifused mass of a pure iorn globule partially surrounded by slag of about 1 or 2 percent and less than 0.1 percent carbon.
Wrought iron are formed from repeatedly heating of cast iron. This process give wrought iron its laminar structure, making it a costly material. It has a far higher tensile strength and is more ductile than cast iron.
Instead of pure iron, engineers utilize wrought iron to protect against rust. This is because wrought iron has a higher carbon content than pure iron, and with carbon, it naturally protect against rusting. Although, Wrought irong, cast iron, and pure iron will definitely rust when exposed to moisture or air.
Properties of wrought iron
Wrought iron is an iron obtained from smelting pig iron with a very low carbon content of not less than 0.08. It is tough, malleable, ductile, corrosion-resistant, and can be easily welded. It is fatigue-resistant because of its toughness, and it contains less carbon than cast iron, which makes it softer and more ductile. You can also learn about cast iron here
As earlier mentioned, wrought iron is highly refined, with a small amount of slag forged into a fiber. It contains 99% iron, making it easily subject to forging, bending, and drawing processes.
Wrought Iron Applications
Wrought iron was known to be widely used during the 19th century in the construction of buildings but was replaced in the 20th century with steel. Then steel was widely available.
Wrought iron is highly used for decorative items like fences, gates, railings, balconies, porches, canopies, roof cresting, grilles, hardware, nails, iron cramps, lamps, structural members in tension (I, H, and other beams), etc.
Because of the above items, wrought iron is used in areas such as building construction, woodwork, metalwork, automobiles, and aerospace. They are used to produce items such as table bases, curtain rods, candle holders, etc. in a decorative form.
Finally, wrought iron is used to produce bolts, nuts, rivets, crane hooks, chains, and pipes.
How is wrought iron produced?
Wrought iron is produced from cast iron in stages. It consists of very pure iron (0.02–0.05% carbon) and siliceous slag. The stage at which wrought iron was produced from cast iron involved melting and piddling to expose it to oxygen, which oxidized and removed any impurities, such as silicon, carbon, and manganese.
It then cooled until it became a semi-molten, pasty, iron, and slag mixture. Wrought iron is known for its fibrous appearance. It gets stronger whenever it’s worked, and it deforms without failing only when exposed to intense heat (e.g., fire). Well, the video below explains how wrought iron is produced. Learn about Cast Iron here!
Advantages and disadvantages of wrought iron
Advantages:
Below are the benefits of wrought iron.
- Wrought iron is tough
- They have excellent weldability
- High tensile strength
- High compressive strength
- Forged items are easily created.
Disadvantages:
- It cannot be hardened by heating and quenching
- It cannot take sudden loads
That is all for this article, where I discussed wrought iron properties, applications, and how they are produced. I hope it was helpful; if so, kindly share it with others.
Leave a Reply